Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) studied for UNHCR  existing and potential "waste-to-value" solutions and business models for relevant camp contexts and their host communities in East Africa. UNHCR is looking to improve the sustainability of its services for refugees and support the surrounding communities, in the face of protracted refugee situations. The BCG found that in areas where latrines are expensive to construct and have significant negative impacts, waste-to-value solutions (e.g., HH biogas, UDDTs) can provide more cost effective alternates and in a few circumstances may provide additional livelihood.